Most volcanoes are in the “Ring of Fire” around the perimeter of the Pacific Ocean.
Graphic: Britannica Kids
Does the hot magma under the earth's surface have anything to do with the temperature of the earth? Do computer models which are the basis for "settled science" on global warming, climate change, disruption, etc., take into account the magma and earthquakes which lower the earth's temperature? Are earthquakes and volcanoes nature's method of maintaining its equilibrium? Was it performing this task long before man arrived?
[From article]
Rock is flowing once again on Hawaii’s big island, where geologic change is not a matter of centuries and millennia, but rather of hours and days. Every square inch of these Hawaiian islands owes its existence to a hot spot that conduits molten rock from deep inside Earth to the surface.
[. . .]
The rare opportunity to watch terra firma forming in Hawaii is misleading: most of the planet’s crust was once rock — magma — that emerged from the deeps and cooled million or billions of years ago. Some estimates say that 80 percent Earth’s cold, hard surface originated as molten rock.
[. . .]
Volcanoes are awesome reminders that Earth is not a boring, static hunk of rock, but rather a living planet that coalesced from a hot cloud of gas and dust about 4.5 billion years ago. The skin cooled as heat from the surface radiated to space. But the high-temperature rock inside was insulated by the crust, and actually has gained heat from radioactive decay and gravitational energy.
In short, we’re sitting on a ball of fiery rock wrapped in a dozen kilometers or two of cool rock.
That’s unstable. Heat rises. Hot substances are less dense than colder ones, so magma is always looking for an escape hatch through the crust. And since heat is a form of energy, rising magma brings up oodles of energy — enough to power cataclysmic explosions. Enough to reshape the face of the planet.
[. . .]
To understand volcanoes, you need to know the Ring of Fire, where most of them are located. The Ring is located where tectonic plates meet and denser ocean crust sinks beneath the lighter continental crust.
Mt. Bromo, Java, Indonesia smolders in the foreground, with Mt. Semeru in back. Bromo’s caldera (note wall at left) encloses several younger, daughter cones.
Photo: Thomas Hirsch
[. . .]
Plenty of other cities face grave volcanic threats. At the western edge of the Ring of Fire, for example, densely crowded Japan, Philippines and Indonesia are all studded with active volcanoes.
http://whyfiles.org/2014/volcanoes-how-they-work-what-they-do/
Volcanoes: How they work; what they do
Posted 13 November 2014
David J. Tenenbaum
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